Effect of raw material powders * Crystal structure and defects These factors are often related to each other, and the various influencing factors are summarized below. There are many factors affecting the transparency of ceramics, which involve all aspects of the ceramic preparation process, and the main control factors are the raw material powder, sintering process, ceramic microstructure, and post-treatment process. Factors Affecting the Transparency of Ceramics The cubic silicon nitride formed under high pressure is slightly inferior in hardness to diamond, and it is the strongest and hardest transparent spinel ceramics that have been prepared so far. Some non-cubic ceramic materials such as hexagonal alumina can also be used to produce translucent ceramics under certain conditions. In addition, the primary condition for the preparation of transparent ceramics is that the single crystal that makes up the ceramics is transparent and has high symmetry, generally a cubic crystal system. The porosity and impurities in the ceramic material can be fully eliminated and the grain size of the ceramic material can be properly controlled to make the product close to the theoretical density through the use of high purity, ultra-fine raw materials, with as few additives as possible and strict process control when preparing ceramics, thus transparent ceramics were prepared. Generally speaking, the opacity of polycrystalline ceramics is caused by the discontinuity of refraction coefficient between grains due to the randomness of arrangement orientation of non-equiaxed (cubic) grains, as well as the scattering caused by grain boundary effect and porosity. Why Are Ceramics Opaque?Ĭeramics is a kind of polycrystalline inorganic material, which is generally composed of grains, grain boundaries, pores and so on. High-performance transparent ceramic parts can be produced by the ceramic forming method, which can meet the needs of small batch sample preparation, multi-variety preparation and mass production. Producing high-performance single-crystal optical components requires considerable time and effort as it must be cut from the ingot, which involves a considerable material loss in the processing. Compared with glass or resin optical materials, transparent ceramics are stronger, harder, more resistant to corrosion and high temperature, and can be used in extremely severe conditions. Transparent ceramics refer to polycrystalline materials with certain light transmittance prepared by ceramic technology, also known as optical ceramics. The ceramic material that everybody sees at ordinary times is opaque normally, so what does it take to make opaque ceramics transparent? What Are Transparent Ceramics?
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